Direct and Indirect Speech

Definition
Direct speech refer to reproducing another person's exact words or saying exactly what someone has said.

Indirect speech refer to reproducing the idea of another person words that doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.

Here a the back shift of tenses:
Simple Present Simple Past
Simple Past
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Will Would
am/is/are was/were
Was/were
has been Had been
had been

Time Signal: 
Dirrect Speech Indirrect Speech
Now Then
Today That day/that night
Yesterday The day before/The previous day 
Tomorrow The next day/following day
Last week The previous week
Next week The following week
A year A year before

There are three kinds of dirrect and indirrect speech:

1. Statement

• Direct speech (Present Tense): The students go to the library once a day
• Indirect speech (Past Tense): The students went to the library once day
• Direct speech (Present Continious Tense): The students are reading books now
• Indirect speech (Past Continious Tense): The students were reading books then
• Direct speech (Past Tense): The students borrowed books last week
• Indirect speech (Past Perfect Tense): The students had borrowed books the previous week
• Direct speech (Present Perfect Tense): The students have returned the books
• Indirect speech (Past Perfect Tense): The students had returned the books
• Direct speech (Future Tense): The students will borrow novels tomorrow
• Indirect speech (Future Tense): The students would borrow novels the following day
• Direct speech: The girls say, "We like reading een magazines."
• Indirect speech: The girls say that they like reading teen magazines.
• Direct speech: Woody says,"I am on my way home."
• Indirect speech: Woody says that he is on his way home.
• Direct speech: Riana says, " I can do this myself."
• Indirect speech: Riana says that she can do that herself.